Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the frequency of surgical site
infection (SSI) between orthognathic patients who received only intraoperative antibiotics
and patients who received intraoperative antibiotics plus postoperative antibiotics.
A retrospective study was performed of patients treated by a single surgeon over the
years 2006–2012 and 2016–2019. The primary predictor variable was antibiotic exposure.
The control group received no postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. The study group
received postoperative antibiotics. Both groups received prophylactic intraoperative
antibiotics and performed postoperative chlorhexidine rinses. The primary outcome
was SSI frequency. Univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses
were performed; statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. The sample comprised 333 patients. Their mean age was 30.7 ± 11.8 years.
The study group included 129 patients (38.7%); the control group included 204 patients
(61.3%). The frequency of SSI was 17.1% in the study group and 26.5% in the control
group (P = 0.048). In the multivariable logistic regression, only alcohol consumption was
significantly associated with an increased risk of SSI (odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence
interval 1.36–4.44; P = 0.003). In patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, postoperative antibiotic exposure
in addition to intraoperative prophylaxis approached but was not statistically significant
for a decreased risk of SSI (P = 0.067).
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 30, 2022
Accepted:
June 20,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
