Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess blood loss during facial feminization
surgeries and to evaluate blood transfusion requirements. Data from the medical records
of all male-to-female transgender patients (transwomen) treated with gender affirming
hormones and undergoing facial feminization surgeries were analysed. The total blood
loss was calculated based on the haemoglobin balanced method. Twenty transwomen (average
age of 25.9 years) were enrolled. Group 1 included 10 transwomen who underwent cranioplasty,
genioplasty, and mandibular angles refining, group 2 included six transwomen who underwent
cranioplasty and genioplasty, and group 3 included four transwomen who underwent mandibular
angles refining and genioplasty. The median calculated blood loss for groups 1, 2,
and 3 was 1159.7 ml, 828.5 ml, and 546.2 ml, respectively. The group differences in
surgical time, intraoperative fluid amounts, and calculated blood loss volumes were
significant. None of the patients required an intraoperative blood transfusion and
the hormonal treatment had no effect on the amount of calculated blood loss. Hence,
blood loss during facial feminization surgeries is well controlled and does not lead
to life-threatening events, precluding the possibility of providing generalized recommendations
for preoperative blood transfusion preparations.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 15, 2022
Accepted:
May 20,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
