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Clinical Paper Pre-Implant Surgery| Volume 50, ISSUE 8, P1107-1112, August 2021

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Anatomical characteristics of maxillary sinus antroliths and their influence on sinus membrane thickness: a retrospective cone beam computed tomography analysis

  • Author Footnotes
    a Hsuan-Hung Chen and Chieh-An Yi contributed equally to this work.
    H.-H. Chen
    Footnotes
    a Hsuan-Hung Chen and Chieh-An Yi contributed equally to this work.
    Affiliations
    Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    a Hsuan-Hung Chen and Chieh-An Yi contributed equally to this work.
    C.-A. Yi
    Footnotes
    a Hsuan-Hung Chen and Chieh-An Yi contributed equally to this work.
    Affiliations
    Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    Search for articles by this author
  • Y.-C. Chen
    Affiliations
    Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    Search for articles by this author
  • H.-H. Huang
    Correspondence
    Address: Her-Hsiung Huang, Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan. Tel.: +886 2 2826 7068. Fax: +886 2 2826 4053.
    Affiliations
    Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    a Hsuan-Hung Chen and Chieh-An Yi contributed equally to this work.
Published:January 08, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2020.12.010

      Abstract

      The purpose of this study was to assess the anatomy of antroliths and its influence on the thickness of the maxillary sinus membrane. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed on 239 patients (478 sinuses). The prevalence of antroliths per sinus was 8.4%. Regarding their distribution, antroliths were predominantly unilateral (82.5%), single (67.5%), and in a dentate area (60.0%). The antroliths were mainly located in the molar region (95.0%) and in the sinus floor (77.5%). The measured dimensions of the antroliths were as follows: length 5.6 ± 4.4 mm, width 4.1 ± 2.9 mm, height 3.5 ± 2.1 mm. The relationships between the antroliths and the sinus membrane (type 1, 34.1%; type 2, 52.3%; type 3, 13.6%) indicated that sinus membranes tended to encircle antroliths, which resulted in a gradual increase in membrane thickness. The sinus membrane was found to be significantly thicker in the presence of antrolith(s) (P < 0.001). Antroliths which are sufficiently large or are located adjacent to the sinus floor or lateral wall increase the risk of sinus membrane perforation during sinus augmentation procedures. Therefore, a thorough CBCT evaluation is needed to minimize the risk of complications prior to sinus augmentation procedures.

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