Abstract
Concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and maxillofacial fractures carry the risk
of significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review was to explore the
demographics, types of injury, and complications of traumatic maxillofacial and brain
injuries, in order to contribute to comprehensive health strategies. The PubMed and
Scopus databases were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies
investigating combined traumatic maxillofacial and brain injuries. Exclusion criteria
were duplicates, non-English publications, non-full-text publications, publication
date before 1990, and studies with insufficient data. Of the 754 articles identified,
15 eligible articles representing 1421 cases were included. The mean age was 38.3
years. Most cases were male (79%). The most common mechanism of injury was traffic
accidents (53.4%). The most common fracture pattern was middle third fractures (52.4%).
Seven studies had an explicit definition for TBI, using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS),
radiological evidence, and/or specific symptoms. There were 147 complications reported
in 62 of 253 cases (24.5%), with the most common being infection (n = 54, 36.7%). Significant risk factors for complications included delayed surgical repair,
low GCS, and upper third fractures. Robust longitudinal evaluations with clear definitions
of TBI are required. Gaps in knowledge include risk factors for complications and
fracture pattern–GCS correlations.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 30, 2020
Accepted:
December 4,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
