Abstract
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a group of surgical procedures; the objectives
of which are to change the features of a male face to that of a female face. This
surgery does not aim to rejuvenate the face. FFS is carried out almost exclusively
on transsexual women (males who are transitioning into females) and who have gender
dysphoria. Some non-transsexual women may undergo some feminizing surgical procedures
if they feel that they have male facial characteristics. Most transsexual women will
have lived in role for sometime and they often undergo FFS before any other form of
gender reassignment surgery as it assists them in passing as a female and integrating
into everyday society. Various specific facial surgical procedures are utilized to
feminize the face, often involving sculpture and contouring of the facial skeleton.
These include correction of the hairline by scalp advance, contouring the forehead,
brow lift, rhinoplasty, cheek implants, resection of the buccal fat pads of Bichat,
lip lift and lip augmentation with dermis graft, mandible angle reduction and taper,
genioplasty and thyroid shave. This article discusses the current state of the art
in facial feminization surgery.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 08, 2012
Accepted:
April 26,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
