Abstract
In 3D photographs the bony structures are neither available nor palpable, therefore,
the bone-related landmarks, such as the soft tissue gonion, need to be redefined.
The purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility and reliability of
49 soft tissue landmarks, including newly defined 3D bone-related soft tissue landmarks
with the use of 3D stereophotogrammetric images. Two observers carried out soft-tissue
analysis on 3D photographs twice for 20 patients. A reference frame and 49 landmarks
were identified on each 3D photograph. Paired Student's t-test was used to test the
reproducibility and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the reliability
of the landmark identification. Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the landmarks
were high. The study showed a high reliability coefficient for intraobserver (0.97
(0.90 – 0.99)) and interobserver reliability (0.94 (0.69 – 0.99)). Identification
of the landmarks in the midline was more precise than identification of the paired
landmarks. In conclusion, the redefinition of bone-related soft tissue 3D landmarks
in combination with the 3D photograph reference system resulted in an accurate and
reliable 3D photograph based soft tissue analysis. This shows that hard tissue data
are not needed to perform accurate soft tissue analysis.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 23, 2009
Accepted:
December 9,
2008
Footnotes
☆This research was funded with a BOOA research grant.
Identification
Copyright
© 2008 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
