Cleft size at the time of palate repair in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate as an indicator of maxillary growth

Measurement of the areas of the palate and cleft on the dental cast. A+B=palatal area; C=cleft area; A+B+C=total palatal area; C×100/A+B+C=cleft size.

Landmarks and reference lines or planes used on a lateral cephalometric radiograph. A, A point; ANS, anterior nasal spine; Ar, articulare; B, B point; Ba, basion; Gn, gnathion; Go, gonion; GoI, gonion intersection, the intersection of the MP and RL; Men, menton; MP, mandibular plane, a line from Men tangent to the posteroinferior border of the mandible; N, nasion; PMP, posterior maxillary point, a construct created by dropping a perpendicular to the line from ANS passing through posterior hard palate from PTM; PP, palatal plane, a line through PMP and ANS; Pog, pogonion; PTM, pterygo-maxillary fissure; R, registration point, point of crossing of the greater wing of sphenoid and planum sphenoidale; RL, ramus line, a line from Ar tangent to the posteroinferior border of the mandible; S, sella turcica; SN, sella-nasion line.

Landmarks used on a postero-anterior cephalometric radiograph. J, jugular point (′ denotes cleft side).

Comparison of the incidence of good facial growth outcome between patients with cleft size of 13% or less and those with cleft size larger than 13% (good growth outcome indicates the PMP–A being 44mm or longer; Fan⁴).