Quantitative skeletal evaluation based on cervical vertebral maturation: a longitudinal study of adolescents with normal occlusion

Measuring points used in the cephalometric analysis. C2d–C5d, the most superior point of the lower border of the body of C2–C5; C2a, C2p, C3la, C3lp, C4lp, C5la, C5lp, the most posterior and the most anterior points on the lower border of the body of C2–C5; C3ua, C3up, C4ua, C4up, C5ua, C5up, the most superior points of the posterior and anterior borders of the body of C3–C5; C3um, C4um, C5um, the middle of the upper border of the body of C3–C5; C3am, C4am, C5am, the middle of the anterior border of the body of C3–C5.

Measuring lines used in the cephalometric analysis. UW, vertical distance of Cua to the connection of Cup and Clp; W, vertical distance of Cam to the connection of Cup and Clp; LW, vertical distance of Cla to the connection of Cup and Clp; PH, vertical distance of Cup to the connection of Clp and Cla; H, vertical distance of Cum to the connection of Clp and Cla; AH, vertical distance of Cua to the connection of Clp and Cla; AD, distance between Cla and Cua; PD, distance between Clp and Cup.

(a) @2: Antero-superior angle of C2d–C2p connection to C2p–C2a connection. (b) H4/W4: ratio of H4 to W4. (c) PI4–5: Distance between C4lp and C5up. (d) UW3: Vertical distance of C3ua to the connection of C3up and C3lp.

(a) Initial stage of cervical vertebral maturation. (b) Progress stage of cervical vertebral maturation. (c) Final stage of cervical vertebral maturation.