Orbital form analysis: problems with design and positioning of precontoured orbital implants: A serial study using post-processed clinical CT data in unaffected orbits

Inter-individual size and shape (form) variation for the orbital floor and medial wall was assessed and compared with its posterior partition. Reconstruction of the posterior partition is known to be a surgical challenge in complex orbital defect repair when using standard manual implant contouring and positioning techniques. The size variation of both regions was assessed, alone and combined, in statistical form analysis using three-dimensional computer models of left and mirrored right orbits, obtained from 70 clinical computed tomography (CT) scans of adult European Caucasians with unaffected orbits. Major shape and size variability for both regions was observed, but to a larger extent for the entire orbital floor and medial wall, with males having significantly larger regions but with no differing shape patterns. Statistical modeling was used to identify characteristic shape patterns in given orbits. The size, shape and positioning of precontoured implants are decisive criteria for the adequate repair of complex orbital defects. The results indicate that optimal form conditions for prefabricated implants exist in a restricted area corresponding to the transition of the posterior orbital floor and medial wall.